Hydroxyurea — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety
Drug class: Antineoplastic agent; Antimetabolite
Overview
Hydroxyurea is a prescription medication used to treat certain types of cancers, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and head and neck cancers, as well as sickle cell anemia. In sickle cell disease, it helps reduce the frequency of painful crises and the need for blood transfusions. Hydroxyurea works by slowing or stopping the growth of abnormal cells in the body. For people with sickle cell anemia, it increases the production of fetal hemoglobin, which helps prevent red blood cells from becoming sickle-shaped and blocking blood flow. Key points: Hydroxyurea is taken by mouth, usually once daily. It requires regular blood tests to monitor for side effects. Patients should avoid becoming pregnant or fathering a child while taking this medication, as it can harm an unborn baby.
Therapeutic uses
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Polycythemia Vera
- Essential Thrombocythemia
- Head and Neck Cancer (in combination with radiation)
Common side effects
- Bone marrow suppression
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Mouth sores
- Skin hyperpigmentation
- Hair loss
Frequently Asked Questions about Hydroxyurea
What is hydroxyurea used for?
Hydroxyurea is used to treat sickle cell anemia, certain types of leukemia, and some solid tumors. It helps reduce pain crises in sickle cell disease and slows the growth of cancer cells.
How long does it take for hydroxyurea to work?
In sickle cell anemia, it may take several weeks to months to see the full benefits. For cancer, response times vary depending on the type and stage of disease.
Can hydroxyurea cause infertility?
Hydroxyurea may affect fertility in both men and women. Discuss fertility preservation options with your doctor before starting treatment.
Is it safe to take hydroxyurea during pregnancy?
No, hydroxyurea can harm an unborn baby and should not be used during pregnancy. Effective contraception is required during treatment.
What monitoring is needed while on hydroxyurea?
Regular blood tests are needed to monitor blood cell counts and organ function. Your doctor may adjust your dose based on these results.
Can I receive vaccines while taking hydroxyurea?
You should avoid live vaccines while on hydroxyurea, as your immune system may be weakened. Inactivated vaccines are generally safe but discuss with your doctor.
What should I do if I develop a fever while taking hydroxyurea?
Contact your doctor immediately if you develop a fever, as this may indicate a serious infection due to low white blood cell counts.
Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.