Hepatitis A vaccine (Hepatitis A vaccine (inactivated)) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Vaccine (Inactivated Viral Vaccine)

Overview

The Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated (killed) viral vaccine used to prevent infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease that can cause mild to severe illness, including jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and, rarely, liver failure. The vaccine works by stimulating your immune system to produce antibodies against the hepatitis A virus, providing protection if you are exposed in the future. It does not treat active hepatitis A infection but is highly effective in preventing it. Key points for patients: The vaccine is recommended for children, travelers to certain countries, people with chronic liver disease, and others at increased risk. It is given as an injection, usually in two doses several months apart. Most people develop long-lasting immunity after completing the series.

Therapeutic uses

  • Active immunization against hepatitis A virus infection
  • Prevention of hepatitis A in individuals at increased risk of exposure
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis for travelers to endemic areas
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis in certain situations

For related Hepatitis A vaccine guidance, compare Hepatitis B vaccine.

Common side effects

  • Soreness at injection site
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Tiredness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Allergic reaction (severe)

Frequently Asked Questions about Hepatitis A vaccine

Who should get the Hepatitis A vaccine?

The vaccine is recommended for all children at age 12–23 months, travelers to countries with high hepatitis A rates, people with chronic liver disease, men who have sex with men, people who use illicit drugs, and others at increased risk.

How long does protection from the Hepatitis A vaccine last?

After completing the two-dose series, protection typically lasts at least 20 years, and possibly lifelong in most people.

Can the Hepatitis A vaccine be given during pregnancy?

The vaccine is not routinely recommended in pregnancy but may be given if the risk of exposure is high and the benefits outweigh the risks. Discuss with your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I have a mild reaction after the vaccine?

Mild reactions such as soreness or low fever usually resolve on their own. Use a cool compress and over-the-counter pain relievers if needed. Contact your provider if symptoms persist or worsen.

Is the Hepatitis A vaccine safe for people with egg allergies?

Yes, the vaccine does not contain egg protein and is considered safe for people with egg allergies.

Can I receive the Hepatitis A vaccine if I am immunocompromised?

Yes, but your immune response may be lower. Discuss with your healthcare provider to determine the best timing and need for additional precautions.

What happens if I am exposed to hepatitis A before vaccination?

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated, you may receive the vaccine and/or immune globulin as post-exposure prophylaxis. Contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.