Chickenpox and Shingles Tests
Reviewed
Chickenpox and shingles tests detect the varicella zoster virus (VZV) or antibodies to it. They are used to confirm infection in people with symptoms (especially those at higher risk of complications) or to check immunity. PCR tests on blister fluid are the most accurate for confirming active infection. Antibody blood tests can show if you have a current or past infection.
Preparation and collection
No special preparation needed.
Understanding this test
Use the reference interval and units printed by the laboratory that performed the test. A result outside that interval is not a diagnosis by itself, and a result inside it does not rule out every condition. Your symptoms, history, medicines, timing, and related tests can change what the result means.
- PCR and DFA tests on swab samples are more accurate than viral culture, but false negatives can occur if the sample is not taken from an active blister.
- Antibody tests (IgM, IgG) indicate past or recent infection but cannot distinguish between current chickenpox and shingles; diagnosis depends on symptoms and age.
What to do next
Your healthcare provider will interpret test results along with your symptoms and risk factors to determine if you have chickenpox, shingles, or immunity from past infection or vaccination. For high-risk groups, early antiviral treatment may be recommended.
Evidence source
U.S. National Library of Medicine: Chickenpox and Shingles Tests