Celiac Disease Screening
Reviewed
This blood test looks for antibodies to gluten to help diagnose or monitor celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten. It is used when symptoms (e.g., digestive issues, fatigue, rash) or risk factors (e.g., family history) are present. Results are reported as negative, positive, or uncertain/indeterminate. A positive result means you probably have celiac disease, but confirmation with further tests is often needed. Preparation depends on whether the test is for diagnosis (continue eating gluten) or monitoring (no special preparation).
Preparation and collection
If this test is being used to diagnose celiac disease, you must continue to eat foods with gluten for a few weeks before testing. If it is being used to monitor celiac disease, no special preparation is needed.
Understanding this test
Use the reference interval and units printed by the laboratory that performed the test. A result outside that interval is not a diagnosis by itself, and a result inside it does not rule out every condition. Your symptoms, history, medicines, timing, and related tests can change what the result means.
- A positive result means you probably have celiac disease, but additional tests (e.g., biopsy, genetic testing) may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
- A negative result means you probably don't have celiac disease, but a false negative can occur if you are not eating gluten regularly before testing.
- Uncertain results do not provide a clear diagnosis and may require further evaluation.
What to do next
If your results are positive or uncertain, your provider may order other tests such as a small intestine biopsy, capsule endoscopy, genetic testing, or tests for related health problems (e.g., anemia, osteoporosis).