Anoscopy
Reviewed
An anoscopy is a procedure that uses a lighted scope (anoscope) to examine the lining of the lower rectum and anus. It helps diagnose conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, polyps, inflammation, and cancer. A related high-resolution anoscopy uses a magnifying device (colposcope) to better detect abnormal cells.
Preparation and collection
You may want to empty your bladder and/or have a bowel movement before the test for comfort. Your provider may suggest avoiding anything inserted into the anus (such as medicines, other products, or anal sex) for 24 hours prior. Follow any specific instructions your provider gives you.
Understanding this test
Use the reference interval and units printed by the laboratory that performed the test. A result outside that interval is not a diagnosis by itself, and a result inside it does not rule out every condition. Your symptoms, history, medicines, timing, and related tests can change what the result means.
- Discomfort or minor bleeding may occur during or after the procedure.
- Standard anoscopy may miss small tissue changes that high-resolution anoscopy could detect, which may lead to false-negative results.
- Findings from anoscopy alone are not diagnostic for cancer; biopsy is required for confirmation.
What to do next
Your healthcare provider will discuss the findings and may recommend a biopsy, further imaging, or treatment options. Follow your provider's recommendations for follow-up care.