Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Antiviral (Protease Inhibitor Combination)

Overview

Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medication used to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and children (12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progressing to severe disease, including hospitalization or death. It contains two medicines: nirmatrelvir, which blocks a key enzyme the coronavirus needs to multiply, and ritonavir, which boosts nirmatrelvir levels in your body. Paxlovid is most effective when started as soon as possible after a positive COVID-19 test and within 5 days of symptom onset. It is not a substitute for vaccination, but can help reduce the risk of severe illness in people who are at higher risk. Patients should complete the full course even if symptoms improve.

Frequently Asked Questions about Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir)

How does Paxlovid work against COVID-19?

Paxlovid contains nirmatrelvir, which blocks a key enzyme (protease) the coronavirus needs to multiply, and ritonavir, which boosts nirmatrelvir levels. This combination helps stop the virus from replicating in your body.

Who should take Paxlovid?

Paxlovid is for adults and children (12 years and older, at least 40 kg) with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for severe disease, hospitalization, or death.

Can I take Paxlovid if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

Use in pregnancy or breastfeeding should be discussed with your healthcare provider. There is limited data, and it should only be used if the potential benefit outweighs the risk.

What should I do if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember if it is within 8 hours of the scheduled time. If more than 8 hours have passed, skip the missed dose and continue with your next scheduled dose. Do not double up.

Are there any foods or drinks I should avoid?

Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice while taking Paxlovid, as they can increase the risk of side effects.

Can I stop taking Paxlovid if I feel better?

No, you should complete the full 5-day course, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the best chance of recovery and to prevent resistance.

Does Paxlovid replace COVID-19 vaccination?

No, Paxlovid is not a substitute for vaccination. Vaccination remains the best way to prevent COVID-19.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.