Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) — Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety

Drug class: Hematopoietic growth factor

Overview

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a medication used to help your body make more white blood cells, especially neutrophils. It is most commonly prescribed for people undergoing chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or those with certain types of neutropenia (low white blood cell count), to reduce the risk of serious infections. G-CSF works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils, which are important cells that help fight infection. The medication is given as an injection, either under the skin or into a vein, and is usually started a day or two after chemotherapy. Key points for patients: G-CSF can help lower your risk of infection during cancer treatment, but it may cause side effects such as bone pain or redness at the injection site. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions and report any unusual symptoms.

Therapeutic uses

  • Neutropenia associated with chemotherapy
  • Neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving induction or consolidation chemotherapy
  • Severe chronic neutropenia
  • Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells for autologous or allogeneic transplantation
  • Neutropenia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

Common side effects

  • Bone pain
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Splenic rupture
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Frequently Asked Questions about Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

What is G-CSF used for?

G-CSF is used to prevent or treat neutropenia (low white blood cell count) in patients undergoing chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or with certain chronic neutropenias.

How is G-CSF administered?

G-CSF is given as a subcutaneous injection (under the skin) or sometimes as an intravenous infusion, usually by a healthcare professional or after proper training.

What are the most common side effects?

The most common side effects are bone pain, muscle aches, headache, and redness or swelling at the injection site.

Can I use G-CSF if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?

G-CSF should only be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding if clearly needed and prescribed by your doctor. Discuss risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.

How long do I need to take G-CSF?

The duration depends on your condition and response to treatment. It is usually continued until your white blood cell count recovers to a safe level.

What should I do if I experience severe pain or swelling?

Contact your healthcare provider immediately, as this could be a sign of a serious side effect such as splenic rupture or allergic reaction.

Can G-CSF interact with other medications?

Yes, G-CSF can interact with certain medications, especially lithium and other drugs affecting blood cell production. Always inform your doctor about all medicines you are taking.

Educational information only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.