TP53 Genetic Test
Reviewed
This test looks for changes (variants or mutations) in the TP53 gene, a tumor suppressor gene. Changes can be acquired (somatic) or inherited (germline). Acquired changes are common in many adult cancers and may guide treatment. Inherited changes cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare condition that increases cancer risk. The test is not routine and is used when cancer is present or when personal/family history suggests LFS.
Preparation and collection
A blood test usually requires no preparation. For a tissue biopsy or bone marrow test, ask your provider how to prepare. If you will receive medicine to relax or sleep, arrange for someone to drive you home.
Understanding this test
Use the reference interval and units printed by the laboratory that performed the test. A result outside that interval is not a diagnosis by itself, and a result inside it does not rule out every condition. Your symptoms, history, medicines, timing, and related tests can change what the result means.
- This test is not a routine screening test.
- Acquired TP53 changes are extremely common in adult cancers and do not indicate an inherited condition.
- Inherited changes are rare and require genetic counseling for interpretation and family planning.
- A negative result does not eliminate the possibility of cancer or other genetic risks.
What to do next
If you have an inherited TP53 change, talk with your provider about cancer risk management, including frequent screening, yearly physical exams, lifestyle changes, chemoprevention, or preventive surgery. Consider genetic counseling for yourself and family members.