Diabetic Foot Exam

Why this test may be ordered

• Routine screening for foot problems in people with diabetes.
• More frequent follow-up if you have had previous foot ulcers, neuropathy, or poor circulation.
• If you have symptoms such as blisters, cuts, redness, warmth, pain, callus with dried blood, or black/smelly infection.

Preparation and collection

No special preparation is needed.

This is a clinical examination performed by a healthcare provider. It includes a review of your medical history and medications, a skin exam, nerve exam (e.g., monofilament, tuning fork, pinprick, ankle reflexes), musculoskeletal exam, and vascular exam (e.g., pulse check, ankle-brachial index). No special preparation is needed.

According to the source, there are no known risks to having a diabetic foot exam.

Understanding results

The results of this exam are used to estimate your risk of developing foot ulcers and infections. Your provider will interpret the findings based on the overall assessment.

• Screen-negative / Lower-likelihood of foot problems: No significant nerve or blood flow problems were detected, and no skin or structural issues were found. Your risk of developing foot ulcers or infections is lower. Limitation: This is a screening assessment; it does not provide a confirmed diagnosis. The labels below reflect likelihood of foot problems. Next step: Continue routine foot care and follow your provider's recommendations for ongoing monitoring.
• Screen-positive / Higher-likelihood of foot problems: One or more abnormal findings (e.g., loss of sensation, poor circulation, skin wounds, or structural changes) were detected. Your risk of developing foot ulcers or infections is higher. Limitation: This is a screening assessment; further evaluation is needed to confirm the nature and severity of any problems. Some findings may require immediate attention. Next step: Your provider may recommend more frequent foot exams, additional tests (e.g., ankle-brachial index), or referral to a podiatrist. Treatment will depend on the specific problem identified.

• The exam is a screening assessment, not a diagnostic test. It estimates your risk of developing foot ulcers and infections but does not confirm a diagnosis.
• False reassurance may occur if early signs are missed; false concern may arise from benign findings that require further evaluation.
• The exam does not replace daily self-checks or blood sugar management.

What to do next

Your provider will discuss your risk level and recommend follow-up based on the findings. If your risk is high, you may need a complete foot exam more than once a year. Daily foot care and blood sugar control are essential to prevent complications.

• What does my risk estimate mean for my foot health?
• How often should I have a complete foot exam?
• What specific foot care steps should I take based on my results?

Evidence source

U.S. National Library of Medicine: Diabetic Foot Exam